La crisis global de nuestra civilización y la mezcla cultural propia de nuestro tiempo empujan a la convergencia de diferentes vías de comprensión en un mundo confuso. Filosofía y literatura no son lo mismo, por supuesto, pero se alían en ese propósito porque ambas aportan significado y continuidad frente a la fragmentación de la experiencia. La narración es el punto de intersección entre ambas y por eso resulta muy útil cuando necesitamos iluminar la complejidad de la vida a través de (...) su curso histórico. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se ocupa de las implicaciones filosóficas de la Homeopatía, lo que supone introducir sus principios básicos y algunos datos históricos de interés, para replantear ¿al hilo de su enfoque terapéutico- algunas cuestiones perennes del pensamiento: las relaciones entre ser humano y naturaleza, entre lo universal y lo particular, el holismo y la interdependencia ecológica en sentido lato, la variedad de equilibrios en aras de una visión integral de la salud... El auge social (y crecientemente institucional) de estas (...) prácticas demanda un examen teórico y práctico sin prejuicios, con la intención de servir a un humanismo enriquecido. (shrink)

Necesitamos nuevas narraciones para entender un poco más nuestro caótico y muy complejo mundo. En este caso es útil recordar algunos modelos históricos de las relaciones generales entre naturaleza y vida, que están en la base de la biopolítica: a) el tradicional, basado en la ley natural y en los valores de la vida; b) el técnico, basado en la voluntad de poder y en los valores de la libertad; c) el alternativo, basado en la cooperación ecológica entre todos los (...) seres vivos y en ambas clases de valores. Para sobrevivir en esta crisis de civilización hace falta mucho coraje y solidaridad frente a la indiferencia que mata. (shrink)

Tomando como punto de partida la idea de Arendt sobre la banalización del mal -asumido de manera irreflexiva e indiferente en ciertos contextos-, pretendo mostrar algunos mecanismos de la época actual que contribuyen a que el mal sea considerado como algo trivial e inevitable. En particular, existen ciertos automatismos sociales que fomentan el fatalismo o la inconsciencia, lo que a su vez converge en dos realidades transversales que exacerban el daño: la creciente desigualdad y la crisis ambiental.

Hay algunas personas libres que tienen algo semejante a una brújula, por eso en tiempos oscuros necesitamos lo que Albert Camus ofrece: un ejemplo vivo (no una lista de respuestas) de integridad, compasión y buen juicio. Tuvo que elegir (quizá como todos) entre el absurdo y la rebeldía, y después entre una actitud cotidiana de miedo o confianza. Finalmente, Camus nos dice que la naturaleza del ser humano y la belleza del mundo deben equilibrar las ambiciones históricas.

El presente estudio se ocupa de las relaciones entre la forma y el fondo del discurso filosófico; más exactamente, de las implicaciones y consecuencias del texto fragmentario, tanto en sentido teórico como práctico. De manera concreta, el comentario de Lichtenberg, Nietzsche y Adorno permite rastrear en autores de una misma tradición cultural ciertos elementos de continuidad a través de perspectivas históricas y enfoques diferentes. Puede decirse que en este conjunto el pensamiento en forma fragmentaria sirve para una crítica general de (...) la modernidad desde posiciones distintas, pero también complementarias. Por último, se ofrece un boceto de lo que puede ser una teoría compleja del fragmento. (shrink)

El ensayo contrasta dos grandes posturas ante el fenómeno omnipresente de la técnica, en estricta relación con las concepciones profundas de lo racional y lo natural que le subyacen. Ortega por un lado, y Adorno, Horkheimer y Marcuse por otro, son excelentes ejemplos de visiones muy diferentes pero complementarias, que además conjugan aspectos antropológicos, históricos y políticos de gran importancia para ofrecer una panorámica global en este campo, sin reduccionismo alguno, y ayudar así a repensar nuestro presente.

nowadays it is necessary to understand the Character and Destiny topic from the point of view of emotions because we can integrate some philosophical and neurobiological perspectives better than ever. in this paper the result is deliberately ambiguous for life and for anthropology and Ethics, far away from the usual notions (subject, consciousness, free will, determinism…) and opened, on the contrary, to a multiform discussion in relation to different elements and circumstances.

Hoy día es necesario entender la vida en sentido global y eso significa considerar varias dimensiones del tema al mismo tiempo: la ecológica y la biológica, pero también la técnica y la simbólica, pues vivimos –como es bien sabido– en un gran “mundo red”. La interdependencia es la clave, especialmente cuando naturaleza y cultura interactúan e integran el nuevo ecosistema del planeta Tierra como nunca antes lo hicieron, todo lo cual incluye muchos desafíos y riesgos también.Nowadays is necessary to understand (...) Life in a global way and that means toconsider several dimensions of the topic at the same time: the ecological and the biological ones, but also the technical and symbolic ones, because we are just living –as it is well known– in a great “net-world”. The interdependence is the key, above all when Nature and Culture interact and integrate the new ecosystem of the planet Earth as never they did before, and all that includes many challenges and risks too. (shrink)

Vivimos en el Antropoceno, tomado en sentido amplio, donde lo geológico y lo histórico convergen porque la acción humana lo hace posible. El cambio climático y la explotación global de recursos naturales y de las estructuras capitalistas conducen al género humano hacia el colapso de la civilización tal como la conocemos. Hay algunas relaciones importantes entre Antropoceno y colapso que muestran a la vez el poder y la impotencia de la humanidad.

Spinoza afirma na proposição 31 da Ética III que por natureza todos os sujeitos desejam que os demais vivam conforme seu ingenium. A partir dessa proposição o presente artigo procura refletir sobre os povos indígenas que vivem em contexto urbano na cidade de Blumenau/Santa Catarina. Para a análise, são utilizas as impressões de uma pesquisa ação--participante realizada com mulheres indígenas que migraram para a cidade há mais de cinco anos. No texto é observado que a legislação do Estatuto do Índio (...) é uma das formas que mantém a sobreposição do ingenium branco sobre o indígena. A partir da análise é afirmado que a sobreposição de um ingenium sobre o outro é uma forma de violência afetiva que reproduz a colonização na atualidade. (shrink)

The origins of teacher training programs in Chile have not been addressed in depth apart from Vivanco’s studies. Even though these studies explore the development of these programs in Chile from a chronological perspective, there are no qualitative studies that consider senior academics’ narrations. This qualitative study reconstructs the trajectory of teacher training programs in Chile from a series of interviews with 25 academics in charge of these programs. Results were analyzed in three different periods: 1960-1973, 1973-1990, and 1990 to (...) 2019. Results, discussed in a political and academic context, reveal that these teacher training programs have evolved in a sociopolitical context, generating a series of tensions that substantially impact these training programs. The study finishes with the statement of a series of questions aimed at reflecting upon the state of the art in Chile’s training programs. (shrink)

A PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO CONTINENTE EUROPEU: BREVES APONTAMENTOS.

This article highlights some of the key lessons learnt from a recent Symposium on the Philosophy of Information. Topics covered include: semantic information, information integration, and epistemic responsibility. -/- .

A short article criticising two churches: those who believe in the Singularity (AIzilla) and those who believe that computers "cannot do x" (AItheist).

The paper provides an axiological analysis of the concepts of respect for information and of information dignity from the vantage point provided by Information Ethics and the conceptual paradigm of object-oriented analysis (OOA). The general perspective adopted is that of an ontocentric approach to the philosophy of information ethics, according to which the latter is an expansion of environmental ethics towards a less biologically biased concept of a ‘centre of ethical worth’. The paper attempts to answer the following question: what (...) is the lowest possible common set of attributes which characterises something as intrinsically valuable and an object of respect, and without which something would rightly be considered intrinsically worthless or even positively unworthy and therefore rightly disrespectable in itself? The thesis developed and defended in the paper is that the minimal condition of possibility of an object’s least intrinsic worthiness can be identified with its abstract nature as an information entity. Thus, all entities, interpreted as clusters of information, have a minimal moral worth qua information objects (i.e. qua information), that deserves to be respected. The principles elaborated in the course of the analysis are those of ‘reflective respect’ (A’s respect towards all members of A’s class motivated by A’s respect towards A not qua individual, but qua instantiation of a class of entities), ‘ontic uniformity’ (A’s recognition of A’s membership to the class of information entities) and ‘ontic solidarity’ (A’s recognition of any information entity’s dignity). (shrink)

The Internet is like a new country, with a growing population of millions of well educated citizens. If it wants to keep track of its own cultural achievements in real time, it will have to provide itself with an infostructure like a virtual National Library system. This paper proposes that institutions all over the world should take full advantage of the new technologies available, and promote and coordinate such a global service. This is essential in order to make possible a (...) really efficient management of human knowledge on a global scale. (shrink)

Today, in any mature information society, we live neither online nor offline but on life, that is, we increasingly live in that special space that is both analogue and digital, both online and offline. Imagine someone asking whether the water is fresh or salty in the estuary where the river meets the sea. That someone has not understood the special nature of the place. Our information society is that place. And our technologies are perfectly evolved to take advantage of it, (...) like mangroves growing in brackish water. In the mangrove society, machine-readable data, new forms of agency and interactions are constantly evolving. The consequences of such a radical transformation are many, but one is particularly significant and rich in consequences: how should we design the mangrove society, when it comes to the relationship between the natural and the digital? In this text, I argue that the digital blue is a great ally of the environmental green. The two work best in tandem. And if the world will enjoy a sustainable development for the environment that is also socially preferable for humanity, it will be because the green and the blue will have created a virtuous circle of nature and technology. It can be done. There is just no time to waste. (shrink)

We know very little about mathematical skepticism in modem times. Imre Lakatos once remarked that “in discussing modem efforts to establish foundations for mathematical knowledge one tends to forget that these are but a chapter in the great effort to overcome skepticism by establishing foundations for knowledge in general." And in a sense he was clearly right: modem thought — with its new discoveries in mathematical sciences, the mathematization of physics, the spreading of Pyrrhonist doctrines, the centrality of epistemological foundationalism (...) and the diffusion of the geometrical method in philosophy — was the most natural arena in which skepticism and mathematics could confront each other. The problem remains, however, that no investigation of the whole topic has yet been attempted. Thus, as far as we know, mathematical certainties should have clashed with skeptical doubts, but whether and to what extent there was indeed a historical debate on mathematical skepticism in modern thought remains to be ascertained. (shrink)

An increasing number of financial services (FS) companies are adopting solutions driven by artificial intelligence (AI) to gain operational efficiencies, derive strategic insights, and improve customer engagement. However, the rate of adoption has been low, in part due to the apprehension around its complexity and self-learning capability, which makes auditability a challenge in a highly regulated industry. There is limited literature on how FS companies can implement the governance and controls specific to AI-driven solutions. AI auditing cannot be performed in (...) a vacuum; the risks are not confined to the algorithm itself, but rather permeates the entire organization. Using the risk of unfairness as an example, this paper will introduce the overarching governance strategy and control framework to address the practical challenges in mitigating risks AI introduces. With regulatory implications and industry use cases, this framework will enable leaders to innovate with confidence. (shrink)

This article is a modified version of a paper I gave to the conference Philosophy & Informatics - First Italian Conference on the use of ICT in philosophical disciplines, promoted by the Italian Philosophical Association (University of Rome "La Sapienza", 23-24 November, 1995).